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ECOLOGICAL INSIGHT IN JAINISM

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THE SCIENCE OF ECOLOGY

The word ‘ecology’ is of recent Coinage, having been proposed by

the German biologist Earnsr Haeckelin in 1869. Before this many great men of the

biological renaissance had contributed to the subject even though label ‘ecology’

was not in use. Hippocrate published a paper entitled “On Air, Water and Places”.

Aristotle studied the habits of animals and environmental conditions. Theophratus

is regarded as the first ecologist in history because he  wrote on communities in

which plants are associated, the relation of plants to each other and to their

physical environment.

 

Ecology is nothing but the art and science of seeing things as a whole. Our

body is a good example of entity, which can be seen as an organic whole. We

know that a nail driven into a finger affects every part of the body, for they are all

parts of an interconnected whole. Though we are most of the time totally unaware

of it, a deep interconnection exists between everything; every man is connected by

invisible bonds to every other fellow-being dead or alive, to every creature in the

non-human realms and even to the non-living aspects of the universe. This

invisible web of interconnections is the basis of all ecology.

 

Though Ecology is primarily empirical, it is impossible to make an

exhaustively empirical study of the infinitely complex working of the nature. Prof.

A.V.Javdekar remarks “whatever cannot be fulfilled empirically has to be

complemented speculatively as far as possible in consonance with and without

undermining our empirical knowledge of nature Thus ecology also requires

speculative thinking like philosophy1

 

MAN AND NATURE:

 

In the primitive societies, the tradition was thought to keep the harmonious

relation with nature. The Indian tradition considering the cow as the mother of the

family and utilizing the cow dung also for the purpose of fuel and fertilizer is also

an example of an ecological tradition. Nature is ordered, balanced and

harmonious. Human beings, like all living things, have a place and a purpose in

this order.

 

The conflict between man and nature i.e. the problem of ecology started

when man looked upon nature as a machine during the Newtonian period.

The conflict of economic development and ecological protection in

anthropocentric ethics arises out of our perception of nature and natural elements

as “Objects.” Objective points of view colours our personal relationship with

nature .Objectification treats even us as goods or material. For example ,in a

factory “Goods are polished and beautified but man(Workers)comes out

degraded”.

 

Anthropocentric culture is also nonholistic (therefore unholy) and can not

therefore be applied to a holistic system like natural environment. Science and

technology has come up as a powerful tool to support this neoculture. Application

of Science and Technology has solved many problems for survival of mankind,

produced a variety of comforts and expanded the frontiers of knowledge. But its

very solutions and success have adversely affected the life supporting systems and

threat to man’s continued existence. It has placed guided missile in misguided

hands. The only consolation is that if ozone hole is created by burning of fossil

fuels through an act of modern Science and Technology, man can also harness

alternative energy to stall the negative feed back pressure and still continue

developments. In other words “Man not only cuts trees for his use and comfort,

but also can plant seeds and cultivate a forest”.

 

For centuries, there was co-existence between nature and living creatures,

but with the advent of civilization, man’s mastery over science and technology,

consumerism and unprecedented and unbridled growth of population, there arose a

disturbance in the harmonious relationship between the living creature and nature.

The environment has been polluted. Environment affects all aspects of human life-

physical, biological, social, and cultural. Our survival depends on our interaction

with the environment. As the quality of environment improves, so does the quality

of human life.

 

ECO- SYSTEM OUT OF GEAR:

 

We have exploited nature like anything. In the blind race of progress we

have emptied so many resorts of nature. We have used up not only the natural

wealth of our share but of many generations. The results of ecological imbalance

will harm the generations to come! We have polluted air, water, food, land, and

even the milk of the mother! The depletion of ozone layer, acid rains and the

increasing heat of the earth have put the existence of man in danger. Man considers himself to be rational animal but no other animal has made his cave so

dirty and poisonous as man has made!

 

Today, the majority of the people in all parts of the world are breathing

polluted air. Incomplete combustion of fuels, emittance of large quantity of

smokes and gasses through different industrial activities and miscellaneous

operations such as burning of wastes etc., spreads hundred of tones of pollutants in

the air, every year. Irritation of throat and eyes and offensive odours has become a

continuous aspect of city living. Some of the pollutants pass deep into our

respiratory system affecting the delicate mechanism, which supplies us, oxygen

and carries away, carbon dioxide. Progressive destruction of this system leads to

many diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

 

“Our mad race for economic development through industrialization at the

cost of environment would ultimately lead to disaster. If the present rate of

pollution is not checked the man will see, eat, and breathe pollution so the solution

lies in harmonizing of economic development with environment.2

 

Indiscriminate use of pesticides upsets the very delicate ecological balance,

creating all kinds of unforeseen repercussion. The chemical controls on plants and

insect life often means that man ends up poisoning himself. Similarly the use of

chemical fertilizers has deprived the soil of the natural ability to fix nitrogen. Our

Karma as a whole paying us back in science of Ecology.

 

 

 

Since last two hundred years because of industrialization the balance of nature has been disturbed, because of materialized industrialization, population growth, ecological imbalance is created. There are other factors also for the imbalance and pollution, like over extraction and over use of natural resources, increase in destruction of plants and chemicals (deforestation) food habits and modern living, soil erosion (due to deforestation and fertilizers) and desertification and municipal waste disposal etc.

Everyday, one million litre water is thrown into Thames in London .In Germany billions of fishes died in Rhine River due to water pollution. At one time the water of the big lake of Geneva was pure and cool, now it is not worth drinking. Yamuna and Ganga have become gutters. In 1970,U.S.A had thrown 1.2 billion tons of mercury into water and air ,the result was that many fishes died in Pacific ocean. Mahavir has said:- Tanse ahiyl tanse amboliye –This violence is due to ignorance and ungratefulness.

Today, the depletion on one side and over production of industrial goods on the other side is creating environmental imbalance. The consequence is polluted air, water and surface area. Moreover the disposal of human, domestic and industrial wastes, have increased the problem. This in turn, affects the health and wealth of human and other living beings and is destroying many plants and animal species everyday. Pollution due to radioactive wastes is a recent phenomenon of the 20th century, which pollutes the air and health of living beings.

Industrialization implies economic slavery. As industries are centralized, there will be economic slavery and exploitation. Today, one nation exploits another and the possibility of war is multiplied.

 

 

 

Prevention of Environmental pollution:

  1. Scientists have tried to develop the recycling process to regain useful material from wastes.
  2. Scientists have also tried to reduce the harmful effects of waste by pre-treating it in such a way that the pollution with it becomes negligible.
  3. Atmospheric gases are being filtered before release.
  4. Scientists are also trying to improve the quality of polluted air and water.
  5. Pollution can be prevented by minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers insecticides and by application of organic manure.

 

THE KEY CONCEPTS IN JAINISM

Jainism has been described as ecological religion or religious ecology. The three principles of Jainism come to our rescue namely Ahimsa, Aparigraha and Anekantvada. If Jain teachings of non-violence, non attachment and non possession are followed with personal commitment and effort, much of the discord in society and nature would be reduced. The three basic Jaina concepts can play a key role in establishing ecological balance.

  1. Non-Violence-Ahimsa
  2. Non-Attachment to possession or Aparigraha.
  3. Non –Absolutism or the doctrine of multiple vision

Non –violence

The basic teaching of Mahavir is Ahimsa. Ahimsa is the supreme religion. ‘Nothing is higher than Mount Meru or anything more expansive than the sky.

Likewise know that Dharma is equal to Ahimsa in the world’3

                Jainism stands out from other religions in its application of non violence. It has been observed today by the great persons that the choice today is no longer between non violence and violence .It is between non-violence and non-existence. This is indicative of the gravity of situation today. In the wider sense non –violence implies ‘Right to life for all’ coming from ‘Respect for life’.Thus it is ethically oriented principle of conduct which can promote the  spirit of universal brotherhood and peaceful coexistence. The product of weapons of mass destruction will stop if durable peace  is to be achieved. In Achanranga Sutra it has been said, ‘Every human being wants to live, nobody likes suffering .Therefore do not inflict suffering on anybody. This is non-violence.’4 Non-violence is the crux of wisdom and is the basic virtue.

Nature is treated reverentially in Jainism. It asks us to shape our actions with a more care for their environmental consequences.

In Jainism, non-violence is not merely a ritual but discipline for all at all times. It provides us with environmental ethics. It would help humanity to live in harmony with nature. Jainism teaches not to exploit nature in our greed for wealth and power. If we practice non-violence and be a little cautious perhaps, we can prevent disturbing ecology. All our selfish pursuits amount to violence. Non-violence implies restricted consumption of natural resources. In social context it implies practices of restraint in all activities. Do not harm others, consume energy only to the extent that is minimally essential. No extravagance or waste should be there due to neglect and carelessness. Lord Mahavira rightly observed that non-violence is wholesome for all living beings. Positively, it implies the universal friendliness. It is abundantly clear that non-violent lifestyle is imperative to save mankind. A careful study of Jain scriptures reveals evidence for the concern of Jainism for environment

Non-violence has a very wide connotation. It means cessation of all violence, love, compassion, not to wish evil of anybody, not to kill.

Non Violence is “Observance of mindfulness and self control while behaving towards all living beings is non Violence.”5 There is the same Self everywhere, therefore it is said in Acaranga Sutra(1.3.3) “One who kills other living beings, kills oneself.” Moreover it is said, “One whom you intend to kill, is yourself only.”

There are sixty words for Ahimsa in Jaina Scripture6  which emphasize different connotations of Ahimsa self is eternal, hence what we kill is prana which consists of five sense organs, mind, speech, three powers of body, breathing and life-span. This is known as Dravya himsa. But Bhava-himsa is mental which is due to lethargy (Pramada). Acharya Amrutacharya has said ‘the non-existence of attachment etc is Ahimsa and their existence is himsa.”

The basis of Non violence is reverence for life. Non violence does good to all.7

Ahimsa is compounded of 4 elements

  1. Friendliness- (Maitri)
  2. Feeling glad at the sight of virtuous-(Pramod)
  3. Compassion for those who are in misery-(Karuna)
  4. Equanimity to those who are without virtue-(Madhyastha)4

Ahimsa is pure and eternal Dharma-Acaranga Sutra (1.4.1)

Non Violence is the  principle of higher life. All miseries arise from violence. It is the chief of all Vratas. The remaining Vratas are for protection of non violence.

“That which includes kindness of all creatures is Religion”.Religion is that which sustains and preserves life.

Ahimsa implies purity of thought, word and deed. Mahavira proclaimed “There is no quality of soul more subtle than Non violence and no virtue of spirit greater than reverence for life.”.

Absolute non- injury to all forms of life is not possible. So Jainism distinguishes various kinds of injury according to the mental attitude of the person committing it; for, it is the intention that causes sin. It is conceded that a good deal of injury to life is involved even in the daily duties of an ordinary man, such as walking, cooking, washing, and similar pursuits. The various operations of agriculture and industry also cause the destruction of life. Again, life may have to be injured and even destroyed in the act of defending one’s own life and property. So, with the catholicity which characterizes all its rules, Jainism does not prohibit a householder from committing these three kinds of Himsa which may be called accidental, occupational and protective rather shirking from them would be considered a dereliction of duty.

Ecological sensitivity of Jain seers is reflected in the concept of non –violence as the supreme religion. It is more than a moral precept. It is equated with deity and is described as protector of the whole universe. Practically it is the  observance of mindfulness and self control in our behavior to others.

Mahavira has spoken of two kinds of violence

  1. Artha Himsa and Anartha Himsa

A man cannot give up certain violence like breathing when we kill bacteria, while taking water the bacteria are killed and even in vegetarian food there is some violence. According to Jainism ,water in itself is animate. Moreover, there are many ApakayaJjivas. Many mobile and immobile bacteria are grown when water is used for plants.

A man can certainly give up unnecessary violence. Today, industrialization and consumerism motivate us to increase our wants, the result is unnecessary violence is increased. There is a couplet in Rajasthani.

            Tanki Trishna tanik hai,tin pav ke sare|

            Manki Trishan anant hai,gile meir ka meir||

The desire of the body is a little like ¾ of half kilogram but the desire of mind is infinite which swallows the big mountains.

Non- Violence and Environmental concern:

What does Jainism have to say about environmental concern?

Six travelers are lost in the central part of the forest, seeing a fruit laden tree. They think of eating the fruit.

The first person actuated by black thought- point (Krishna Leshya), wanted to uproot the whole tree.

The second person actuated by blue thought-point (Nil Leshya),wanted to preserve the roots but cut down the trunk.

The third person actuated by grey thought-point (Kapot Leshya),wanted to cut only larger branches.

The fourth person actuated by yellow thought-point (Tejo-leshya),wanted to cut only the minor branches with fruits to avoid unncecssary damage.

The fifth person actuated by pink thought point (Padma –Leshya),wanted to pluck only the fruits.

The sixth one actuated by white thought-point (Shukla Leshya), suggested to pick up the fallen fruits on  the ground.

One must avoid the first three thoughts absolutely. The fourth and the fifth are respectful towards the tree but the best among them all is the sixth person’s thoughts.

This story indicates the care a Jain must take in his behavior. The non-violence towards all the creatures, the friendship towards all beings shows the concern and care Jains take towards each species of the universe and towards environment.

  1. There is no exaggeration to say that the Jain ecological philosophy is virtually synonymous with the principle of non -violence which runs through the Jain tradition like a golden thread. It is the concept which is at once ancient and refreshingly modern.
  2. Jainism offers an environmental ethics which can ensure sustainability. It refers enlightened spirituality that is, change in the attitudes of man through religion and spirituality. Jainism believes that, “Our spirituality should not permit us to exploit nature for our self chosen purposes.”9
  3. It is clear that the quintessence of Lord Mahavira’s teachings is that religion sustains the world and “Non violence, Self Restraint and penance constitute religion”10. Lord Mahavir not only pointed out but demonstrated that real philosophy is practical because it is a way of living in our daily life on earth. Jain world view has implications for the emergence of a non-violent culture necessary for environmental preservation.
  4. Non -violence can be broadly interpreted to mean ‘harmlessness’. The doctrine of non violence has been universally accepted by all the religions. It is the first and foremost tenet of Jainism.It is an essential precondition for environmental protection. Perhaps, “Jainism is the only tradition which has consistently allowed this tenet soak into the very essentials of its teaching and practices” Tirthanakaras have recognized non-violence as duty knowing the suffering of all beings”11
  5. Lord Mahavira taught the lesson of non-violence 2500 years ago. He said, “There is nothing in this world higher than Mount Meru or anything more expansive than the sky. Likewise know that no religion is greater than non-violence”12. It is implied that one has to consider all living things to be as precious as one’s own self. Non violence gives rise to other virtues truth etc.

MINDFULNESS, AN IMPORTANT VIRTUE:

An important virtue in Jainism is doctrine of mindfulness. In Jainism it is said one should remain fully aware while lifting thing or putting them, while sitting, walking etc. Only such person can observe the vow of non-violence. One should be aware of even thoughts.

Michael Tobias author of “Life Force” declares the Jain ethics of non violence to be ‘Spiritual Ecology’ and Biological Ethics’ Thus, it indicates that Jains have not only thought of human beings alone, but for all species of the universe. Jain ethics teaches ‘Give and Take’ balance for the benefit of not only humans but also of all living beings.

 

ECOLOGICAL LIFESTYLE OF JAINISM  

 

Many scholars point out that these current problems of pollution were not existent during earlier ages. Jain Acharyas say that if we disregard the existence of earth, fire, water and vegetation, then our own existence will be destroyed. Jains point out that environmental concerns require a specific non violent lifestyle that has an aesthetic dimension and a practical concept of spiritual concord. Changing our lifestyle to spiritual ecology and environmental concern is not very difficult if we bear the following aims in mind:

  • Cultivation of helping attitude, detachment and universal friendship
  • Cultivation of an attitude of restraint and minimal use of natural resources and consumables.
  • Cultivation of the habit of carefulness in all activities.
  • Daily penitential retreat and prayer for the welfare of all living beings and for universal peace.
  • Cultivation of satisfaction and tolerance.
  • Cultivation of non-violent lifestyle.

Six life forms in the Universe

In its global perspective, Jain philosophy postulates six substances (Dravyas) in the universe. Jiva (Soul) is the animate substance (Jivastikaya). It includes apart from human beings and animals the entire range of living beings and life forms and entities ranging from plants, vegetables and trees to minutest insects and birds.

 

Jainism stands unique in expounding doctrine of six life forms .The doctrine of six life forms imparts important message. Jainism has made classifications of living beings from one sensed to five sensed creatures. It is said,” The earth, water, fire, air and plants are various kinds of immobile beings with one sense organ. The mobile beings like conches etc. are possessed of two, three, four and five sense organs”

The other five are inanimate (ajivastikaya) (non soul) viz. Pudgal (matter) Dharma (Motion),Adharma (rest) Akasha (space) and Kala (time).Jain concept of universe is that the elements of nature-the earth ,the sky, air, the water and the fire as well as forms of life are all bound to each other. Life cannot exist without mutual support and respect.

Those who know about six forms of life, know that every body wants to live, none has to be killed. Mahavir has said, “Violence is due to attachment it is death. If there is no self control, we shall add to violence.” Those who take care of mobile and immobile life, visible and invisible life, shall believe in ecology. Those who accept existence, creation, protection and sanctity of other beings, can bring about ecology in the world. Ecology, Science and non-violence are inseparable.

To be human being is a gift in the evolution of life as it enables him to bring out his humanity towards achievement of oneness with all life. It is human being alone endowed with all the six senses of seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, touching and thinking, who can utilize his rationality and power of reasoning (Viveka) to be compassionate, loving, friendly, forgiving, tolerant and broad minded to the universe around him.

Far from being dogmatic, Jain religion has a well-defined and clearly articulated scientific base, which elucidates interrelated properties and qualities of animate and inanimate substances in terms of evolution and growth of atoms in time and space.

 

INTERCONNECTEDNESS

Mahavira declared that all beings of the natural world have equal potential for progress in the cycle of transmigration and all are dependant upon one another for their mutual survival. The Jain conviction of “Parsparopgrahojivanam”  teaches that all forms of life are bound together in mutuality and interdependence.

All souls are bound together by mutual support. It is the principle of interdependence and interconnectedness which is also the principle of modern ecology. It is the hall mark of Jainism. There is inevitable bond of interraltionship. This principle says ‘Live and Let Live’ understanding the rules of entire ecological system. Reverence for all living organism on earth is the basic principle. Human life depends upon other living beings and other living beings too live on others. There is a network of interdependent relationship, the air, water, men, animals, plants are all invisibly linked in a life-sustaining system called the environment. The man must show reverence for all living organisms and thus achieve harmonious co-existence. Each organism depends on another and this is the way the survival of each can be ensured and existence of each be respected. The stress is upon the indisputable principle of mutual harmony i.e symbiosis-mutualism which emphasized the basic unity of nature.

“Underlying the Jaina code of conduct is emphatic assertion of Individual’s responsibility towards one and all. The code is profoundly ecological in its practical consequences.”13The directive principle of living is not ‘Living on others’ but living with others’. Jainism asks us to recognize biodiversity. Our existence is intrinsically bound up with existence of other living beings. Hence the killing of them is prohibited. Gandhiji has added one more dimension to this dictum ‘live in such a manner that others may live in better manner.’

By practice of Jain ethos, psycho-spiritual change can be affected which lead to eco-friendly behavior. Lord Mahavir proclaimed a preformed truth for all times to come where he said “ one who disregards existence of earth, water, fire, air  and vegetarian life disregards his own existence which is entwined with them”14

Doctrine of Mutualism is important as it is equivalent to environmental basics that the environment matrix is an integrated composite whole in which all its constituents are interdependent and interact for mutual benefit. This implies that no harm to environment is done. All things are interlinked.

Plants and trees necessary for life

Lord Mahavir emphasized on the unicellular organisms that is the plants. There is life on earth because of plants. It is necessary to protect plants for biological Ecology. Oxygen is produced because of plants; hence plants and forests are to be protected. By reducing jungles, ecology is disturbed, rain fall is adversely affected, the earth can’t hold water if there are no plants.

Mahavir has said in Acarangasntra that if an aspirant kills the soul in plants or makes others to kill or permits others, that violence is harmful to him.

The crime branch of USA has said in a report that the people of Elster in Ireland are criminal minded because there are no jungles in that area. If there are no plants, there will be less of oxygen which leads to physical and mental diseases or ailments.

Forest is a storehouse of Oxygen. An individual requires 16K.G of Oxygen for which we require 5-6 trees each of 50 tones weight. To cut 5-6 trees, is to keep one person without oxygen. We get food, clothes and shelter because of plants and trees.

This concept of interdependence has been beautifully expressed by Francis Thompson in his book. “The Mistress of Vision”.He writes:

“All things by immortal power near or far hiddenly to each other linked are.

That than canst not stir a flower without troubling a star.”

 

Nonviolence and world peace:

Jainism believes that man has to understand his relation with other living beings and live in harmony with them. When each man behaves in a right manner, then automatically peace will be there. Right conduct is a must. All the problems can be solved by following non violence preferably. Right conduct is one of the three jewels in Jainism.

Jainism aims at peace between man and man, man and animal. A perfect brotherhood is the ideal of Jainism. Through principle of non violence, Jainism aims at world peace.

Acharya Tulsi has said;

“Not only must we condemn all research in atomic weaponary which is itself violence, but we must experiment with Ahimsa, training people who practice Ahimsa. We have established institutions where students are actively studying peace. While the west is busy experimenting with violence ,we are experimenting with non violence. This is  our message for the west and for the whole world.”

With the help of Jain code of conduct, it is possible to achieve peace. The basic principle is an individual responsibility towards all the creatures and the entire universe.

All political conflicts, social injustice and inequalities can be solved with the help of non violence. Non-violence, which includes non-possession also, can avoid social inequality, communal riots, conflicting ideologies and quarrels at personal levels. It implies self-restraint.

“Since war begins in the minds of man, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed.” UNO. Jainism is religion of Ahimsa par excellence.

Mahatama Gandhi was influenced by Jain principles of non-violence and what he achieved in social and political spheres, is known to all. Today, this principle is followed by ‘Anuvrata Movement’. Which is meant for common man. This spiritual and social movement has a greater benefit for the society.

Lord Mahavira was not a great thinker but a political and social reformer. Thus ,non-violence can establish peace and prosperity and this principle has great relevance today. With the principle of non-violence, nearly all problems of the world can be solved. Five small Anuvratas can bring about big changes in the world.

In an interview, Dalai Lama made clear that Jains first convened to the Buddhists the true meaning of ‘Love of Life and respect for all sentient beings.

The choice between Non violence and non existence.

Jain philosophy is a complete life style, not abstract Philosophy. Gandhi thought of an integral philosophy. Jains have humanitarian perspective.

Perhaps 21st century belongs to true Jainism

Frame work for securing peace:

  1. There should be global disarmament agenda. It should be the age of dialogue, negotiation.
  2. Scientist should stop contributing towards a destructive science of development
  3. Restraint should be there .Take pledge to shun ego, negativity and impurity.
  4. In a comprehensive sense, peace and security are related to freedom from want, liberation from violence and conflicts.
  5. Real peace consists in freedom from fear.

The whole world is one family-Vasudhaiva Kutumbarkam is not merely a vision or a poem today but it is a stark reality proved by science, technology communications and transport. Man, world and nature are inter related that one has to accept the worldly vision.

In the words of Mr. Lester, “ We have to realize that we had not inherited

 

the earth from our forefathers.. We have borrowed it from our children”. The

 

future generations have equal rights over the natural resources. If we do not act

 

responsibly, we are sure to face dooms day! Margaret Thatcher quite often

 

remarked during the years of her Prime Ministership: “No generation has a free

 

hold on this earth. All we have is a life tenancy- with a full repairing lease”15.

Human population, like other population is ultimately limited by the

 

biosphere’s carrying capacity. Increase in population and consumption could

 

outstrip the capacity of the biosphere to support life.

 

The objects are limited but the exploiters are unlimited, hence one has to restrain oneself. Materialism and comforts of life have encouraged violence. It is like death dance. Ahimsa purifies self as well as environment. If we do not pay attention towards non-violence, we cannot solve the problem of pollution. One should practice non-violence, self control and fearlessness to remove environmental pollution.

 

APARIGRAHA: Non-attachment to possession

In Dasavaikalika Sutra it is said:

 

“As the bee that sucks honey in the blossoms of a tree without hurting the blossom

 

and strengthening itself, the monks take food from lay people such that they do not

 

disturb them.”

Jainism teaches restraints in the consumption of material things, the regulation of desires and simplification of lifestyle, indulgent and profligate use of natural resources is seen as a form of theft and violence.

“Aparigraha is not an abstract philosophy but a vision of life. Man’s insatiable greed is the main factor in damaging the environment. Interestingly, the important ecology basics-environmental preservation and protection are inherent in basic Jain doctrine which is realistic, practical and rational. In Jainism we find coordination of science and spirituality.

The Jain principle is to enhance the quality of life and not merely increase the quantity of consumption. Attachment to possession reflects our greedy attitude. The Jaina emphasis on non attachment to possession is significant from social and human point view. It is not possessions that are real obstacles, the real obstacles are our attitudes. ‘The desire for power and possession have given birth to the race for atomic weapons’. The craving for possession of the thing which not needed is one of the cause for violence .This concept does not mean not to fulfill one’s needs .The message of this virtue is to eradicate the selfish desire for power. This virtue stresses change in attitude of mind. Self control rather than self indulgence leads to detachment to possession. It really denotes a non-violent attitude. The emphasis here is on certain amount of self-restraints and not on possessing necessary things for living. When there is thought of non-attachment to hoarding, naturally violence will have no place in man’s life. Also other vices like stealing, untruthfulness and absence of self control will die. This virtue has not merely religio-economic significance but also social significance. Jainism advocates universal ethics for social excellence and spiritual upliftment.

Possessiveness and violence are related. Therefore to practice non-violence one has to give up attachment to possession

It is a comprehensive precept or an ethical principle for a good social order.

It refers to limitation of accumulation of things and articles of consumption.

As Gandhi has prophetically said,

‘There is enough for everybody’s need but not anybody’s greed.’  If everybody takes as per his need, then there will be balance in society. This will lead to equanimity.

 

Non-Absolutism: Doctrine of multiple vision.

The doctrine of non-absolutism or liberalism is the doctrine of non-violence in intellectual field. ‘Respect to the view of others is important for attitudinal change. It will result in toleration. This principle develops catholic outlook necessary for peaceful co-existence. It is holistic principle. It is ideal for successfully managing conflicts. The kind of intellectual toleration it will develop, will further lead to an atmosphere of peaceful co-existence avoiding dogmatism and fanaticism. Much violence in the world today arises from fundamental ideological and religious disagreement. Jainism with its theory of multiple vision provides a framework through which qualities like tolerance, understanding etc can be developed.

Non violence from the doctrine of behavior to the domain of intellectual thing. ‘Respect for life’ gave rise to the principle of  respect for the views of others.’

Truth is relative to our stand point. Each point of view is legitimate in its own way. It is the doctrine of open mindedness, intellectual toleration so it leads to peaceful co existence.

It is ideal for successfully managing conflicts at any level. It is such a comprehensive principle that it examines a thing from different standpoints. It is intellectual non-violence. From respect for life we have to pass to respect for the views of others, it implies in practice relativism. Truth is relative to our standpoints. Therefore, we must respect the view of others it is the theory of multiple visions. It stands for -1) Open mindedness 2) Reconciliation-It has got power of assimilation, the conflicting views are harmonized together. Conflicts can be managed at any level by harmonious reconciliation. It can pave the way for harmony and goodwill. Qualities like tolerance, self control, broadmindedness and understanding can be developed on the basis of it.

 

Search for Solutions:

 

Environment is a multi-dimensional and multi-faced problem. It is complex

 

and compound in nature. There are no single or simple solutions to the

 

environmental problems. It requires a lot of persuasion, hard-work and mutual

 

respect, and understanding. Partisan and parochial approach may hurt the cause

 

itself.

Think globally and act locally is very apt in case of Environment

 

protection. The threat of war anywhere is danger to peace everywhere. The same

 

is true of the Environment. The global warming, deforestation, depletion of fossil

 

fuels, pollution and other climatic changes, remind us of the stark reality that the

 

earth is one.

 

Can you help?

There are lots of things we can do to help. What can you do yourself?

First of all try not waste anything. Almost everything we think rubbish is useful in some way. Old newspapers can be used again, to make more paper. Tin cans and scrap metal can be melted down. Glass bottles can be used again. Not much plastic is being recycled yet, though it can be done its best not to use plastic container and wrappers at all if you can use glass or paper instead.

We have to release that wild animals, wild plants and wild places need to be saved. We need them not just to look at and enjoy, but we need them because they provide us with food and oxygen, If they don’t survive we cant’ either.

We know it’s possible to save endangered (animals in danger of extinction) animals. We must do our best.

Agenda or strategy for non-violent model of life style.

An individual can control the passions-the anger, pride, greed and deceit and develop non-violence in every situation. It implies vegetarianism. One has to go beyond diet in practice of non- violence. Development of ethical values can guide our life. Attitudinal changes as follows 1) an attitude of love, 2)Respect-cooperation etc.can be expressed in our behavior by following the principle of non-violence. 3) Preservation of bio-diversity which will maintain ecological balance.

  1. Toleration can be developed by broadmindedness realizing the relativity of truth and multiple facets of reality. It means liberalism in outlook.
  2. Attitudinal change-one can change one’s vision and there by developing the power of understanding .Not to kill is law of life, which means philosophy of interdependence.
  3. Change towards non-violent lifestyle by adopting good habits, cultivating virtues and holistic world view, practice of self restraint in consumption avoiding lust for power and possession. It means eco-friendly life style.
  4. Choosing fair and noble ways of earning and eating.Respect for life in any form can lead to environmental protection and sustainability.
  5. Conflicts can be avoided at all levels and objective attitude can be developed by respecting multidimensional aspects of truth .Non-possession can promote social equality. Respect for all religions can promote interfaith dialogue.

 

To conclude, Jainism has much to offer for eco-balance through practice of the following precepts.

  1. Non-violent model of life-style.
  2. vegetarianism
  3. Friendliness to all and enmity to none.
  4. Tolerance and content
  5. Auspicious meditation
  6. Principle of non-consumerism-Aparigraha
  7. Enlightened spirituality-an alternative model of life style which is environment friendly.

Mahavira was a great environmental scientist, a supreme visionary. He preached non-violence not merely for the salvation of some individuals but for survival and welfare of the whole universe. There is ‘way’ of the world which is manifested at once in the natural and moral law. It is the cosmic law; this spiritual dimension of ecological issues is emphasized in Jainism.

Jainism in the end tends towards Deep Ecology. There is need of environmental ethics. Nature is intrinsically valuable. It is abundantly clear from the above discussion that nature is treated reverentially in Jain tradition. Jainism deals with permanent values of life which are of enduring benefit to mankind. Ecological sensitivity of Jain seer is reflected in the concept of non-violence as the supreme religion. It is more than a moral precept. It is equated with deity and is described as protector of the whole universe. Practically it is the observance of mindfulness and self control in our behavior to others.

 

Let us conclude with one of the Jain prayers which expresses a wish of well being of the universe. “May the world attain the bliss

May all strive for other’s welfare,

May all evils be destroyed,

May all attain happiness” (Brahatsantistva)

HARELI FESTIVAL

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HARELI FESTIVAL

In Chhattisgarh, Hareli is a popular festival celebrated with great pomp. The word Hareli is derived from the Hindi word Hariyali which means green. According to the Gregorian calendar, each festival corresponds to the months of July and August. Hareli Utsav in Chhattisgarh is celebrated on the day of Satwan Amavasya or Amavasya of the month. This is the beginning of the holy month for Hindus. Kutki Devi is the deity of the kingdom to get a good harvest in this festival,

Among the Gond tribes, farmers in Chhattisgarh worship God at this time

They are used for farming and cows. The theme of this festival based on nature and the

Farmers pray for a good harvest. Although the prayers are eager, the revelations in the law are simple.

This festival is celebrated with great pomp. The word ‘Hareli’ is derived from the Hindi word ‘Haryali’ which means green. It is a festival celebrated mainly by various farming communities during the month of Shravan. The festival is celebrated in the months of July and August in the Gregorian calendar. Hareli San in Chhattisgarh is celebrated on the new moon of the month or Shravan Amavasya. This is an old traditional festival of Chhattisgarh which starts the month of Shravan, a holy month for Hindus. The Hareli festival is actually a harvest festival that focuses on the rainy season throughout the year. Goddess Kutki Dai is the main deity worshipped for good crops during this festival.

The festival of Hareli has a special significance among the Gond tribes. At this time the farmers of Chhattisgarh worship the tools and cows used for their farming. Farmers pray for a good harvest and the main theme of the festival is masculinity. Although the prayer is passionate, the revelations in the law are simple

During the Hareli festival, the people of Chhattisgarh plant Bhelwa tree branches in their fields. They also offer neem tree branches at the entrance of their house. Neem has medicinal properties that protect against diseases as well as pests. Traditional medical practitioners from the Baiga tribe or Chhattisgarh teach and evaluate their students. The green festival of Chhattisgarh is also marked by playing “Gedi”. It is a game where children sit on bamboo sticks and walk in the fields. In some places, they even take part in “Gaddy” races.

CHAMPARAN MELA

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CHAMPARAN MELA

Festivals are an important aspect of Chhattisgarh’s culture and heritage. In November 2000, the state was recognized as an independent state of India. It was previously a part of the Madhya Pradesh state. The population of Chhattisgarh is predominantly tribal. They celebrate various Fairs and festivals of Chhattisgarh with great pomp. Champaran Mela is an annual fair celebrated in Chhattisgarh. Chhattisgarh festivals are a reflection of the ethnic and pastoral culture of the local people of Chhattisgarh, mainly the tribal communities. The tribals of Chhattisgarh are simple and funny people. They perform their indigenous rituals to appease their local deities.

Champaran Mela is one of the festivals celebrated in Raipur. Raipur is the capital of the state of Chhattisgarh and is located almost in the centre of the state. In the 14th century, the city was established. Raipur is an industrially developed city but the traditional culture and heritage have not been destroyed. The Champaran Mela is actually a fair held at a place called Champaran. This yearly fair takes its name from the location where Champaran is celebrated, which is 56 kilometres from Chhattisgarh’s state capital. The fair at Champaran takes place in the month of Magh i.e. from January to February. This cultural fair of Champaran is very popular and many people from all over the state attend this fair. Mainly followers of Vaishnavism visit Champaran Mela.

GONCHA CELEBRATION

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GOTCHA CELEBRATION

The newly discovered state of Chhattisgarh has a large tribal population. There is a difference between these tribes

Their own cultural existence is fully manifested in their unique culture and in the festivals that are celebrated with great pomp and grandeur. Goncha festival in Chhattisgarh is one such tribal festival that is celebrated with great joy and happiness. If you can visit Bastar district in Chhattisgarh, the tribal culture is incomparable

At the Goncha Festival, you will have the unique privilege of being a part of the festival which is truly

One of its kind.

The festival of Goncha is also known as Rathotsav, as it is celebrated at a time when Hindus celebrate the Rathyatra. The enthusiasm and heartfelt sentiments of the tribals from different parts of Bastar participating in this festival are incredible.

There are many traditions associated with this Chhattisgarh festival, Goncha is a kind of fruit. Tnbal people make pistols using tukki or bamboo. It is obvious that this is just a tool of ridicule that they have devised to follow the tradition of the tribe. Goncha is also used as a pill

They use pistols and bullets, actually, a bamboo stick cut into the shape of a pistol and fruit to kill.

Being a part of a joke, not intending to hurt each other, is a source of boundless joy for them. They find this festival very exciting and exciting. The enthusiasm and enthusiasm of the people of Chhattisgarh while celebrating this festival is commendable. Celebrating such festivals reveals the ethnicity of this part of the country. The festival of Gon is celebrated during the Rathyatra according to the Hindu calendar.

Comes in July according to the Gregorian calendar. If you go to Chhattisgarh, you should do so.

During the Goncha festival, you can be a part of the festival.

Goncha Utsav is a famous festival celebrated on the occasion of Rath Yatra in Chhattisgarh.

Goncha celebration. Hence it is famous as Rathotsav. Vigorous and enthusiastic

Anand is one of the highlights of the festival with the active participation of all the tribals.

Tribal excitement and heartwarming festivals make it more beautiful. This festival is celebrated in the month of July according to the Gregorian calendar. People would love to visit the Goncha Festival and be a part of the celebration. Many practices are associated with this famous festival. Goncha is the name of a type of fruit. Pistols are made using tekki or bamboo. The weapon is always considered as a weapon of ridicule to follow the tradition of the tribe and the fruit is considered as a bullet.

BHORAMDEO FESTIVAL

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BHORAMDEO FESTIVAL

The charming state of Chhattisgarh celebrates all its festivals with great fanfare. Bhoramdev Mahotsav is no exception. The festival attracts a large number of people not only from other parts of India but also from different parts of the world.

Description of Bhoramdev Mahotsav Festival in Chhattisgarh
This event is considered to be one of India’s most important.
Chhattisgarh represents the religious rites of Chhattisgarh.

The Bhoramdev Sanctuary is legally named after Khajuraho in Chhattisgarh and if you visit it after organizing the Bhoramdev Festival, you will definitely get admission.

The festival is celebrated in the vicinity of Bhoramdev Temple, about 135 km from Raipur. The construction of this temple is attributed to the famous king Ramchandra of the Nag dynasty who was married to Princess Ambika Devi of the Halya dynasty. The temple is a reflection of remarkable architectural skill, it is very relevant for historians and archaeologists.

When the Bhoramdev Festival is held, it is truly a beautiful sight to see the impressive and magnificent temple precincts crowded. The vibrant people dressed in colourful costumes witness this architectural marvel and take part in all the activities that take place.

Bhoramdev temples are named after Khajuraho in Chhattisgarh and if you visit this temple during the Bhoramdev festival, you will surely be fascinated.

It is time to celebrate Bhoramdev Festival in Chhattisgarh

This festival is celebrated in the last week of March every year. When you are celebrating Bhoramdev Mahotsav, it is best to plan your visit to Chhattisgarh.

MADAI FESTIVAL

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MADAI FESTIVAL

The Madal Utsav is celebrated from December to March and is toured from one place to another in the state. State of Chhattisgarh.

During this festival, local tribes and other communities in the state worship the deity. At the beginning of the Madai festival, the tribal people of Chhattisgarh take out a procession on the open field where a large number of devotees and ordinary tourists gather to witness the ritual. At the end of the procession, priests or similar persons begin to worship the deity, while during the worship ceremony, the spectators observe silence and pray at the feet of the deity. After the pooja, many cultural programs like folk dances, plays, songs etc. start taking place in the open space. A large number of villagers come to enjoy this bliss, so the Madai Festival is always held in a wide area, the beginning of the Model Festival in the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh.

From Bastar the festival goes to the Kanker district of the state from where it is again shifted to Narayanpur, Antagarh and Bhanupratappur Keshakat, Bhopalpatnam and Kondagaon and the Mada festival are welcomed in March when it reaches its final stage. As the Madai festival spreads from one place to another, every tribe and another human group in Chhattisgarh enjoys this unique occasion inherited from the old customs and traditions of the state. Today Madai Utsav has become a popular religious event, especially in Chhattisgarh and India.

BASTAR DUSSEHRA

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BASTAR DUSSEHRA

Like the rest of India, Dussehra is celebrated in Bastar. In fact, it is the most important festival in the region and all the tribes participate in the 10-day event. However, Dussehra in Bastar is unlike any other. Here, instead of enjoying the return of Lord Rama (the protagonist of the epic Ramayana) to Ayodhya after 14 years of exile, they celebrate Dussehra as a congregation of the tribal goddess Maoli (the original inhabitants of Bastar). Revered as the elder sister of the deity, Goddess Danteshwan, the deity of the ruling Kakatiya family) and all her sisters. Hundreds of priests bring local deities decorated with flowers to the Danteshwari temple in Jagdalpur. The 500-year-old festival lasted for 10 days, with the king (as the chief priestess of the goddess Danteshwari) temporarily leaving the post to worship Danteshwari full-time. He will seek the report of the kingdom with confidence and through Siraha (a medium possessed by the Goddess). Although the ruling family was Hindu and the festival has its roots in Hinduism, it has assimilated many tribal elements and is a perfect example of the unique blend of tribal traditions that make up the traditional Hindu religion and local culture.

BASTAR DUSSEHRA IS UNIQUE

Bastar is in Dandakarna, where Lord Rama is believed to have spent 14 years of his exile. However, the Bastar Dussehra here has nothing to do with Lord Rama or Ramayana.

Dussehra here has nothing to do with Lord Rama or Ramayana

ब Bastar Dussehra is a period of 75 days, starting from the new moon (dark moon) in the month of Shravan, ending on the thirteenth day of the bright moon in the month of Ashvin. So this is the biggest Dussehra in the world

  • Bastar Dussehra involves different tribes and castes, each assigned to a specific task which has been going on for 5 decades since the end of monarchy in India: for example, to build two-tiered chariots, carpenters come from the fleet. In Umargaon village, tribals from Karanji, Kesarpal and Sonbal villages have tied a large number of ropes, pulled by young Chanot Kachorapati and youth from Aganwada parish; The Bison-Horn Maria of the fort pulled a big chariot, and in all the rites the singing of the hymns is the prerogative of the heads of the village of Polar.

The festivities include rituals of extraordinary rigour, like a girl swinging on a thorny bed; A young man (jogi) tied on his shoulder for nine days, sitting awake: media, dignified possession

Local deities are dancing happily in the streets. उत्सव The festival provides a platform for the state of Bastar at Muria Darbar to elected representatives, administrators and tribal chiefs of old.

Rathyatra is one of the much-awaited events. The magnificent chariot (chariot) may seem primitive to an outsider, but instead of bringing fancy chariots from other places, the king’s desire to protect the locals and the use of sophisticated tools to build chariots symbolize tribal taboos. Every year it is newly cut and the sight of 400 Maria pulling it leaves a strong impression on the faith of the tribes.

FAIRS AND FESTIVALS OF CHHATTISGARH

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FAIRS AND FESTIVALS OF CHHATTISGARH

BASTAR DUSSEHRA

Like the rest of India, Dussehra is celebrated in Bastar. In fact, it is the most important festival in the region and all the tribes participate in the 10-day event. However, Dussehra in Bastar is unlike any other. Here, instead of enjoying the return of Lord Rama (the protagonist of the epic Ramayana) to Ayodhya after 14 years of exile, they celebrate Dussehra as a congregation of the tribal goddess Maoli (the original inhabitants of Bastar). Revered as the elder sister of the deity, Goddess Danteshwan, the deity of the ruling Kakatiya family) and all her sisters. Hundreds of priests bring local deities decorated with flowers to the Danteshwari temple in Jagdalpur. The 500-year-old festival lasted for 10 days, with the king (as the chief priestess of the goddess Danteshwari) temporarily leaving the post to worship Danteshwari full-time. He will seek the report of the kingdom with confidence and through Siraha (a medium possessed by the Goddess). Although the ruling family was Hindu and the festival has its roots in Hinduism, it has assimilated many tribal elements and is a perfect example of the unique blend of tribal traditions that make up the traditional Hindu religion and local culture.

BASTAR DUSSEHRA IS UNIQUE

Bastar is in Dandakarna, where Lord Rama is believed to have spent 14 years of his exile. However, the Bastar Dussehra here has nothing to do with Lord Rama or Ramayana.

Dussehra here has nothing to do with Lord Rama or Ramayana

ब Bastar Dussehra is a period of 75 days, starting from the new moon (dark moon) in the month of Shravan, ending on the thirteenth day of the bright moon in the month of Ashvin. So this is the biggest Dussehra in the world

  • Bastar Dussehra involves different tribes and castes, each assigned to a specific task which has been going on for 5 decades since the end of monarchy in India: for example, to build two-tiered chariots, carpenters come from the fleet. In Umargaon village, tribals from Karanji, Kesarpal and Sonbal villages have tied a large number of ropes, pulled by young Chanot Kachorapati and youth from Aganwada parish; The Bison-Horn Maria of the fort pulled a big chariot, and in all the rites the singing of the hymns is the prerogative of the heads of the village of Polar.

The festivities include rituals of extraordinary rigour, like a girl swinging on a thorny bed; A young man (jogi) tied on his shoulder for nine days, sitting awake: media, dignified possession

Local deities are dancing happily in the streets. उत्सव The festival provides a platform for the state of Bastar at Muria Darbar to elected representatives, administrators and tribal chiefs of old.

Rathyatra is one of the much-awaited events. The magnificent chariot (chariot) may seem primitive to an outsider, but instead of bringing fancy chariots from other places, the king’s desire to protect the locals and the use of sophisticated tools to build chariots symbolize tribal taboos. Every year it is newly cut and the sight of 400 Maria pulling it leaves a strong impression on the faith of the tribes.

BASTAR LOKOTSAV

Bastar Lokotsav is a vibrant festival of Chhattisgarh in which the folk culture of the state is represented. A large number of tribal groups from remote villages of Chhattisgarh take part in the festival after the monsoon. Handicrafts are on display at the Bastalokotsav. Introducing the Chhattisgarh Lokotsava, the Bastar Lokotsava begins with a captivating program of cultural events.

In the Jagdalpur area of Chhattisgarh, a special event called Basta Parab is organized in which the dances and songs of the tribal communities can be seen. The Bastar Lakotsav is a platform on which tribal traditions and culture are recognized. During the Lokotsav, people from all the neighbouring districts of the state come to enjoy the event. Also, tribes from other states of India are seen enthusiastically participating in the Bastar Folk Festival. Extremely rare handicrafts are also sold during the festival by tribal groups in Bastar. Sometimes tourists from other countries also come to see the Bastar folk festival. This shows the immense popularity of folk festivals across the regional border. As a colourful and historical-cultural identity, Bastar Lokotsav also enhances the tourism potential of Chhattisgarh. Bastar Lokotsava is frequently mentioned in publicity campaigns and in tourist attractions in the state. Chhattisgarh Government always promotes such tribal festivals in the state Bastar Lokotsav adds a living dimension to the state festivals

MADAI FESTIVAL

The Madal Utsav is celebrated from December to March and is toured from one place to another in the state. State of Chhattisgarh.

During this festival, local tribes and other communities in the state worship the deity. At the beginning of the Madai festival, the tribal people of Chhattisgarh take out a procession on the open field where a large number of devotees and ordinary tourists gather to witness the ritual. At the end of the procession, priests or similar persons begin to worship the deity, while during the worship ceremony, the spectators observe silence and pray at the feet of the deity. After the pooja, many cultural programs like folk dances, plays, songs etc. start taking place in the open space. A large number of villagers come to enjoy this bliss, so the Madai Festival is always held in a wide area, the beginning of the Model Festival in the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh.

From Bastar the festival goes to the Kanker district of the state from where it is again shifted to Narayanpur, Antagarh and Bhanupratappur Keshakat, Bhopalpatnam and Kondagaon and the Mada festival are welcomed in March when it reaches its final stage. As the Madai festival spreads from one place to another, every tribe and another human group in Chhattisgarh enjoys this unique occasion inherited from the old customs and traditions of the state. Today Madai Utsav has become a popular religious event, especially in Chhattisgarh and India.

BHORAMDEO FESTIVAL

The charming state of Chhattisgarh celebrates all its festivals with great fanfare. Bhoramdev Mahotsav is no exception. The festival attracts a large number of people not only from other parts of India but also from different parts of the world.

Description of Bhoramdev Mahotsav Festival in Chhattisgarh
This event is considered to be one of India’s most important.
Chhattisgarh represents the religious rites of Chhattisgarh.

The Bhoramdev Sanctuary is legally named after Khajuraho in Chhattisgarh and if you visit it after organizing the Bhoramdev Festival, you will definitely get admission.

The festival is celebrated in the vicinity of Bhoramdev Temple, about 135 km from Raipur. The construction of this temple is attributed to the famous king Ramchandra of the Nag dynasty who was married to Princess Ambika Devi of the Halya dynasty. The temple is a reflection of remarkable architectural skill, it is very relevant for historians and archaeologists.

When the Bhoramdev Festival is held, it is truly a beautiful sight to see the impressive and magnificent temple precincts crowded. The vibrant people dressed in colourful costumes witness this architectural marvel and take part in all the activities that take place.

Bhoramdev temples are named after Khajuraho in Chhattisgarh and if you visit this temple during the Bhoramdev festival, you will surely be fascinated.

It is time to celebrate Bhoramdev Festival in Chhattisgarh

This festival is celebrated in the last week of March every year. When you are celebrating Bhoramdev Mahotsav, it is best to plan your visit to Chhattisgarh.

GONCHA CELEBRATION

The newly discovered state of Chhattisgarh has a large tribal population. There is a difference between these tribes

Their own cultural existence is fully manifested in their unique culture and in the festivals that are celebrated with great pomp and grandeur. Goncha festival in Chhattisgarh is one such tribal festival which is celebrated with great joy and happiness. If you can visit Bastar district in Chhattisgarh, the tribal culture is incomparable

At the Goncha Festival, you will have the unique privilege of being a part of the festival which is truly

One of its kind.

The festival of Goncha is also known as Rathotsav, as it is celebrated at a time when Hindus celebrate the Rathyatra. The enthusiasm and heartfelt sentiments of the tribals from different parts of Bastar participating in this festival are incredible.

There are many traditions associated with this Chhattisgarh festival, Goncha is a kind of fruit. Tnbal people make pistols using tukki or bamboo. It is obvious that this is just a tool of ridicule that they have devised to follow the tradition of the tribe. Goncha is also used as a pill

They use pistols and bullets, actually, a bamboo stick cut into the shape of a pistol and fruit to kill.

Being a part of a joke, not intending to hurt each other, is a source of boundless joy for them. They find this festival very exciting and exciting. The enthusiasm and enthusiasm of the people of Chhattisgarh while celebrating this festival is commendable. Celebrating such festivals reveals the ethnicity of this part of the country. The festival of Gon is celebrated during the Rathyatra according to the Hindu calendar.

Comes in July according to the Gregorian calendar. If you go to Chhattisgarh, you should do so.

During the Goncha festival, you can be a part of the festival.

Goncha Utsav is a famous festival celebrated on the occasion of Rath Yatra in Chhattisgarh.

Goncha celebration. Hence it is famous as Rathotsav. Vigorous and enthusiastic

Anand is one of the highlights of the festival with the active participation of all the tribals.

Tribal excitement and heartwarming festivals make it more beautiful. This festival is celebrated in the month of July according to the Gregorian calendar. People would love to visit the Goncha Festival and be a part of the celebration. Many practices are associated with this famous festival. Goncha is the name of a type of fruit. Pistols are made using tekki or bamboo. The weapon is always considered as a weapon of ridicule to follow the tradition of the tribe and the fruit is considered as a bullet.

CHAMPARAN MELA

Festivals are an important aspect of Chhattisgarh’s culture and heritage. In November 2000, the state was recognized as an independent state of India. It was previously a part of the Madhya Pradesh state. The population of Chhattisgarh is predominantly tribal. They celebrate various Fairs and festivals of Chhattisgarh with great pomp. Champaran Mela is an annual fair celebrated in Chhattisgarh. Chhattisgarh festivals are a reflection of the ethnic and pastoral culture of the local people of Chhattisgarh, mainly the tribal communities. The tribals of Chhattisgarh are simple and funny people. They perform their indigenous rituals to appease their local deities.

Champaran Mela is one of the festivals celebrated in Raipur. Raipur is the capital of the state of Chhattisgarh and is located almost in the centre of the state. In the 14th century, the city was established. Raipur is an industrially developed city but the traditional culture and heritage have not been destroyed. The Champaran Mela is actually a fair held at a place called Champaran. This yearly fair takes its name from the location where Champaran is celebrated, which is 56 kilometres from Chhattisgarh’s state capital. The fair at Champaran takes place in the month of Magh i.e. from January to February. This cultural fair of Champaran is very popular and many people from all over the state attend this fair. Mainly followers of Vaishnavism visit Champaran Mela.

HARELI FESTIVAL

In Chhattisgarh, Hareli is a popular festival celebrated with great pomp. The word Hareli is derived from the Hindi word Hariyali which means green. According to the Gregorian calendar, each festival corresponds to the months of July and August. Hareli Utsav in Chhattisgarh is celebrated on the day of Satwan Amavasya or Amavasya of the month. This is the beginning of the holy month for Hindus. Kutki Devi is the deity of the kingdom to get a good harvest in this festival,

Among the Gond tribes, farmers in Chhattisgarh worship God at this time

They are used for farming and cows. The theme of this festival based on nature and the

Farmers pray for a good harvest. Although the prayers are eager, the revelations in the law are simple.

This festival is celebrated with great pomp. The word ‘Hareli’ is derived from the Hindi word ‘Haryali’ which means green. It is a festival celebrated mainly by various farming communities during the month of Shravan. The festival is celebrated in the months of July and August in the Gregorian calendar. Hareli San in Chhattisgarh is celebrated on the new moon of the month or Shravan Amavasya. This is an old traditional festival of Chhattisgarh which starts the month of Shravan, a holy month for Hindus. The Hareli festival is actually a harvest festival that focuses on the rainy season throughout the year. Goddess Kutki Dai is the main deity worshipped for good crops during this festival.

The festival of Hareli has a special significance among the Gond tribes. At this time the farmers of Chhattisgarh worship the tools and cows used for their farming. Farmers pray for a good harvest and the main theme of the festival is masculinity. Although the prayer is passionate, the revelations in the law are simple

During the Hareli festival, the people of Chhattisgarh plant Bhelwa tree branches in their fields. They also offer neem tree branches at the entrance of their house. Neem has medicinal properties that protect against diseases as well as pests. Traditional medical practitioners from the Baiga tribe or Chhattisgarh teach and evaluate their students. The green festival of Chhattisgarh is also marked by playing “Gedi”. It is a game where children sit on bamboo sticks and walk in the fields. In some places, they even take part in “Gaddy” races.

VAT SAVITRI VRAT 2022

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VAT SAVITRI VRAT 2022

Vat Savitri Vrat 2022 | Vat Savitri Vrat Mantra, Worship Method, Muhurta, and Complete Story 2022

Vat Savitri Puja is regarded as a significant celebration of lucky ladies in Hindu holy literature. This year’s Vat Savitri Vrat will take place on May 30th, 2022. From Jyeshtha Krishna Trayodashi to Amavasya, and from Jyeshtha Shukla Trayodashi to Poornima, there is a Hindu requirement that this fast must be observed. Now you must be wondering why the Vat Savitri fast is observed. What are the advantages for women? Is this a fact that women keep for the sake of their husband’s long life, or is there another reason for it?

In this post, you will find the answers to all of these questions as well as a story about the Vat Savitri fast, worship manner, and auspicious time. That is why, before fasting, all natives perform Vat Savitri. Get complete information on the fast’s story, mantra, worship style, auspicious time, and so on, so that you can get the desired effects by following the fast.

Vat Savitri Vrat’s Advantages

Goddess Savitri, according to legend, followed a severe fast in order to protect her husband Satyavan from Yamraj. Since then, the Vat has been known as Savitri Vrat. To keep this fast, Goddess Savitri worshipped the Vat tree.

Let us know what the advantages of Vat Savitri fasting are for the natives, i.e. ladies who follow it.

According to Hindu mythology, following this fast ensures the husband’s long life.
In the house, there is serenity and contentment.
Because women are the house’s Lakshmi, this fast is thought to bring them good fortune.
All three superpowers are said to live in Brahma Vishnu Mahesh’s banyan tree.
The thread of protection strung by women around the banyan tree extends the husband’s life.
The women’s desires are fulfilled while tying the thread on the banyan tree.
This fast can be observed by women of all castes, including virgins, married women, daughters, widows, and so on.
Women follow this fast in order to keep Saubhagyavati unbroken.
This fast is currently only planned for the new moon day. The banyan tree is also revered.

Vat Savitri Vrat is a way of worship.

On this day, ladies rise in the Brahma Muhurta and, after retiring from bathing, fill an earthen pitcher with holy water and sprinkle it throughout the home.

After that, make a Brahma statue by filling a bamboo basket with sapta grains. Install the Savitri idol on Brahma’s left side. Similarly, place Satyavan and Savitri’s idols in the second basket. Take these baskets and store them under the banyan tree. Worship Brahma and Savitri after you’ve completed all of these steps. Women tie a protective thread while worshipping the Vat tree.

Mantra for Vat Vriksha Puja

Women should offer water to the roots of the banyan tree while repeating the worship mantra.

Vat Vriksha Puja Material – This material is required when worshipping the Vat tree:

When worshipping, use water, molly, roli, raw cotton, soaked gramme, flowers, and incense.

Method of Vat Tree Worship
Wrap a raw thread around the banyan tree’s trunk three times after irrigating it with water.
Listen to the storey of Vat Savitri wearing Bada leaf jewellery.
Keep the currency money after removing the seeds from the soaking gramme.
Touch your mother-in-feet. law’s
If your mother-in-law is not there, place your hand on the foot of women who are older than you.
Following the worship of Vat and Savitri, there is a law to worship a lucky woman every day with betel leaves, vermilion, and kumkum.

End Method of Vat Vriksha Puja

After the women have completed the entire worship ceremony with all of the essential things, they must feed the Brahmins with food, clothing, and cow fodder.

Donate garments to Brahmins by putting them in a bamboo receptacle.
Women are now required to fast after worship. Chant the following verses while fasting:
Mum vaidhavadisakaladosapariharartham brahmasavitriprityartham.
Satyavatsavitriprityartham cha vatsavitrivratmaham karishye.

The women sat under the banyan tree, listening intently to Vat Savitri’s storey. Women achieve the intended results by doing so.
Fasting narrative of Vat Savitri

The age of Savitri’s spouse was about to end, according to legendary legends and the popular Vat Savitri Vrat 2022. Satyavan, Savitri’s spouse, was only married for a short time.

Dev Sage Narada came to meet Savitri one day, thrilled with her worship. Then Goddess Savitri learned that her spouse was only here for a brief time. As a result, he prayed to Narad ji to extend his life. “Your husband Satyavan is short-lived,” Narad ji stated. You request a different groom. “I am a Hindu woman, and a Hindu woman picks a spouse just once,” Goddess Savitri stated upon hearing this. At the same time, my husband Satyavan is experiencing severe headaches. Then Narad ji mentioned the fasting of the banyan tree.

Seeing her husband’s anguish, Savitri takes him to the banyan tree and sits with him. After that, Yamraj’s messenger and Yamraj himself arrive. Satyavan’s life was being taken to the south. Yama messengers are also followed by Savitri.

“O virtuous woman!” Yamraj said as he saw Savitri approaching. The wife helps her husband work in the fields. You must now return.” “I will stay with my spouse wherever he lives,” Savitri stated. This is the faith of my wife.” Yamraj was overjoyed to hear this response from Savitri. He told Savitri that if she asked for a boon, he would give her three. Which of the three brides will you have?

Savitri then requested eye light for her mother-in-law, the lost kingdom of her father-in-law, and a boon to become the mother of Satyavan’s hundred sons. Yamraj blessed Savitri and screamed, “Amen!” after hearing her three boons.” This request of yours will, without a doubt, be fulfilled.

After receiving a boon from Yamraj, Savitri returns to the same banyan tree. Satyavan’s body was kept here. Savitri notices after a while. Satyavan’s body appears to be moving in some way. Satyavan eventually stood up.

Goddess Savitri was able to save her husband’s life while worshipping the banyan tree in this fashion, and she was also able to restore the light in her mother-in-eyes. law’s And whatever empire his father-in-law took, he got it as well.

Savitri Vat Vrat 2022
When a Hindu woman, or virtuous woman, keeps a severe fast. As a result, even Yamraj is unable to perform any tasks unless he expresses his desire to do so. As you’ve read in this novel, Goddess Savitri’s recompense for worshipping the banyan tree has proven to be the desired fruit.

Any lady worships this banyan tree, influenced by religious books, Puranas, and sages. And whatever desire is retained in the mind, Tridev, i.e. Brahma Vishnu Mahesh fulfils it. The three great powers, Brahma Vishnu Mahesh, reside under the banyan tree, as you have already been told in this chapter.

Whoever is fortunate enough to observe this fast with faith is a blessed woman. And the law is used to worship. He unquestionably achieves the desired outcome. All of those women are capable of keeping this pace. Those who are experiencing physical, mental, financial, or family difficulties. This is something that women must keep in mind while fasting. That the reciting of the aforementioned mantra be done with commitment and genuine faith. Only then would they be able to obtain the proper fruits in the true sense of the word.

Let us know why the Vat tree is so important – Vat Savitri Vrat 2022

The peepal tree resembles the banyan tree in appearance. That is why it is also known as the Banyan tree. Lord Vishnu is said to live in the Peepal tree, according to religious literature. Those who venerate the Peepal tree. Lord Krishna, the Supreme Lord, showers him with his unlimited mercy. Also present is an old tree and a banyan tree known as Vat Vriksha. All three superpowers maintain their prominent image in that tree. Whoever lights the lamp in the banyan tree’s roots. Ghosts, for example, provide him with tranquilly. And the mental anguish vanishes.

Worship of the above-mentioned Vat tree. It is only for females. However, if a guy worships the banyan tree by lighting a lamp on it. And he says the Om Namo Bhagwate Vasudevaya mantra. He is showered with the immeasurable mercy of all three gods. Anyone who is having physical, mental, financial, family, work, or business troubles. They should light a lamp at the feet of the banyan tree to meditate on Lord Brahma Vishnu Mahesh. So that they can be freed from their plight.

Friends, you have read the whole method of Vat Savitri Vrat 2022 in this post today and have heard the narrative of the banyan tree as well as the importance of the banyan tree. We feel that if Hindutva is taken seriously. Also, keep Hindu mythology at the top of your priority list. As a result, you will never be a part of any suffering. If your heart is filled with sincere faith. As a result, he receives the Lord’s unlimited mercy without having to fast or worship the Supreme Soul himself.

ANCIENT FIRE RITUAL HAS POSITIVE IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT: SCIENTISTS

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ANCIENT FIRE RITUAL HAS POSITIVE IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT: SCIENTISTS

According to scientists who have finally published their findings, a 4,000-year-old fire ritual done in a rural village in Kerala in April this year has a favourable influence on the ecology, soil, and other environmental repercussions.

The Athiratharam ritual, which took place from April 4 to 15 in Panjal village in Thrissur district, was the subject of a careful investigation by a team of scientists led by Prof VPN Nampuri, former director of Cochin University of Science and Technology’s International School of Photonics.

Scientists concentrated on the scientific aspects of fire and the atmosphere, soil and microorganisms, and other potential environmental consequences.

According to a statement released by the Wartha Trust, which organises the rite, the sacrifice appeared to have hastened seed germination and dramatically reduced the number of microbes in the fire area and surrounding air, water, and soil.

The team had planted three different types of seeds: They discovered that the growth of kitchenware placed near the altar was good.

This effect was particularly pronounced in Bengal gramme, which grew over 2,000 times quicker than in other areas.

The sound is a vibration, according to Nampuri, and chanting provides consistent positive vibrations, which speeds up the germination process.

“Not only will the findings assist eliminate superstitions linked with Vedic rites, but they will also help sustain such traditions for the betterment of nature and the environment,” says Nampuri.

He went on to say that more research is being done on this phenomenon, which could show that the process creates bio-amplifiers in the environment that have a selective effect on Bengal gramme.

The study focused on analysing bacterial colonies at three locations: inside the shrine, 500 metres away, and 1.5 kilometres away. Four days before, during, and after the yajna, the microbiological analysis revealed that the air around the yajna was clean and the quantity of microorganisms in it was quite low.

Microbial activity in the soil and water around the shrine was also found to be substantially lower than in typical soil, according to the researchers.

The “Athiratharam” ritual was originally reported 35 years ago by US-based Indologist Fritz Stall. It literally means “to ignite a fire and carry it out overnight” and is typically thought to promote universal peace and harmony.

Stahl, who is now an Emeritus Professor of Philosophy and South and Southeast Asian Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, coordinated and meticulously recorded the rites in 1975, thanks to funding and donations from Howard, Berkeley, and Helsinki, Finland.

The research team conducted experiments near the Athirathram fire pits, which are still intact in the backyards of Namboothiri houses, in 1918 and 1956, and discovered that the bricks were free of microbes.

“It merely came to our attention at the time.” “Studies are being conducted to see if other good climate changes are transitory or permanent,” the researchers stated.

Prof. A.K. Saxena, Head of the Department of Photonics at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics in Bangalore, examined the temperature data from the sage’s flame and discovered that the fireball produced during the ritual had an exceptionally long wavelength. At a temperature of roughly 3,870-degrees centigrade, what appears in a standard laser beam.

It is possible to benefit from exciting emissions and plasma recombination at this wavelength (700 nm). More research is needed, he believes.

Dr Rajalakshmi Subrahmanyam (Kusat), Dr Parvati Menon (MG College, Thiruvananthapuram), Maya R Nair (Pattambi Government College), Pvt. Saxena was among the scientists who made up the Panjal Athirtharam 2011 team. Prof. Rao (Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore) (Andhra University).

Zarina (CUSAT Research Scholar), Ramkumar (Biotechnologist), Asulbha (Biotechnologist), and many postgraduate, undergraduate, and school students assisted the scientific team.

SUMMARY

The 4,000-year-old ritual has a favourable impact on the ecology, soil and other environmental repercussions. Prof VPN Nampuri, former director of Cochin University of Science and Technology’s International School of Photonics, led the investigation. The Athiratharam ritual, which took place from April 4 to 15 in Panjal village in Thrissur district, was the subject of a careful investigation by a team of scientists led by Prof VPN Nampuri, former director of Cochin University of Science and Technology’s International School of Photonics.

According to a statement released by the Wartha Trust, which organises the rite, the sacrifice appeared to have hastened seed germination and dramatically reduced the number of microbes in the fire area and surrounding air, water, and soil. The sound is a vibration, according to Nampuri, and chanting provides consistent positive vibrations, which speeds up the germination process. This effect was particularly pronounced in Bengal gramme, which grew over 2,000 times quicker than in other areas.

He went on to say that more research is being done on this phenomenon, which could show that the process creates bio-amplifiers in the environment that have a selective effect on Bengal gramme. Microbial activity in the soil and water around the shrine was also found to be substantially lower than in typical soil, say researchers at the University of California, Berkeley. The “Athiratharam” ritual was originally reported 35 years ago by US-based Indologist Fritz Stall. The study focused on analysing bacterial colonies at three locations: inside the shrine, 500 metres away, and 1.5 kilometres away.

Prof. A.K. Saxena, Head of the Department of Photonics at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics in Bangalore, examined the temperature data from the sage’s flame. He found that the fireball produced during the ritual had an exceptionally long wavelength. More research is needed to see if other good climate changes are transitory or permanent. Zarina (CUSAT Research Scholar), Ramkumar (Biotechnologist), Asulbha (Biotechnologist), and many postgraduate, undergraduate, and school students assisted the scientific team. Dr Rajalakshmi Subrahmanyam (Kusat), Dr Parvati Menon (MG College, Thiruvananthapuram), Maya R Nair (Pattambi Government College), Pvt. Saxena was among the scientists who made up the Panjal Athirtharam 2011 team.